Improved simulations of southern ocean and tropical eastern pacific trends in high-resolution earth system models

While a significant majority of CMIP5/6 models project warming trends in the Southern Ocean and Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean over recent decades, observations reveal a contrasting cooling trend in these regions. In this study, we demonstrate a substantial improvement in the fidelity of Southern Ocean and Tropical Eastern Pacific trend simulations achieved through the utilization of high-resolution Earth system models. Specifically, our analysis focuses on an ensemble of transient climate simulations and an ensemble of multi-year climate predictions conducted with the high-resolution Community Earth System Model (CESM-HR), which has a nominal 0.25 resolution for atmosphere/land and a nominal 0.1 resolution for ocean/sea-ice. This investigation places particular emphasis on elucidating potential interactions between the Southern Ocean and Tropical Eastern Pacific and the potential role of the Southern Ocean heat transport in the cooling trend.