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Research Highlights Topic: Air-Sea

Conversions between kinetic (Ek) and available potential (Ea) energy for upward-buoyant (ρ'<0) water parcels in the upper Tropical Pacific.
Beyond local wind: How remote forces shape Pacific equatorial upwelling
Figure from Villas Bôas, Marechal, and Bohé (2025)
Mapping the surface wave field in two dimensions: New insights from SWOT
Figure 1. The 35-year trends of winter-spring sea surface temperature, precipitation, and sea level pressure. a, observation of 1980-2014. Model-simulated 35-year trends for pre-industrial climate grouped and averaged for b, the strongest El Niño-like trends and c, the strongest  La Niña-like trends. Model-simulated 35-year trends for 1980-2014  grouped and averaged for the ensemble members d, with the strongest El Niño-like trends and e, with the strongest La Niña-like trends.
Drivers of the Southwestern US precipitation decline
Adapted from Figures 6 and 11 of Chen et al. (2025). See full paper for more details and complete captions.
Small SST warm anomalies in Tropical Atlantic locally increase trade cumulus formation
Scientific graphic that shows different plots of SST, SSS, MLD, and SSH
The upper ocean response to atmospheric rivers
Time series of the Niño-3.4 SST index (°C) in observations (black curves) and ensemble-mean forecasts (colored curves) composited for 10 1-yr El Niño, 5 2-yr El Niño, 4 1-yr La Niña, 8 2-yr La Niña, 4 2-yr La Niña following strong El Niño, and 4 2-yr La Niña following moderate El Niño events during 1954–2015.
Predicting the duration of El Niño and La Niña events with multiyear lead time
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Are long-term changes in mixed layer depth influencing North Pacific marine heatwaves?
Saildrone: Adaptively sampling the marine environment
Saildrone: Adaptively sampling the marine environment
Estimates of interannual variability from new and published coral records from the northern Line Islands
How short-term Arctic warming can lead to delayed stratospheric circulation responses
Schematic representation of the (a) atmospheric “non-frontal” and (b) atmospheric “frontal” components
New perspectives regarding Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension influence on the atmosphere
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