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Research Highlights Topic: ENSO

Ocean eddies structure mean equatorial upwelling
Ocean eddies structure mean equatorial upwelling
What explains the interannual variability of O2 content and distribution in the tropical Pacific?
What explains the interannual variability of O2 content and distribution in the tropical Pacific?
Intrinsic biases in AGCM and OGCM
Tracing the origins of equatorial Pacific biases in a coupled climate model
Conversions between kinetic (Ek) and available potential (Ea) energy for upward-buoyant (ρ'<0) water parcels in the upper Tropical Pacific.
Beyond local wind: How remote forces shape Pacific equatorial upwelling
Figure 1. The 35-year trends of winter-spring sea surface temperature, precipitation, and sea level pressure. a, observation of 1980-2014. Model-simulated 35-year trends for pre-industrial climate grouped and averaged for b, the strongest El Niño-like trends and c, the strongest  La Niña-like trends. Model-simulated 35-year trends for 1980-2014  grouped and averaged for the ensemble members d, with the strongest El Niño-like trends and e, with the strongest La Niña-like trends.
Drivers of the Southwestern US precipitation decline
Illustration of the neural network architecture, including SST inputs (left) and the region over which a conditional Gaussian distribution of 500 mb heights is predicted (right).
Detection of state-dependent prediction skill using an adaptable, machine learning-based approach
A graph showing the onset of ENSO episodes
When models miss the mark: Two decades of low-skill predictions in ENSO phase transitions
Global average sea surface temperature anomaly
Historical and projected changes in climate predictability
Time series of the Niño-3.4 SST index (°C) in observations (black curves) and ensemble-mean forecasts (colored curves) composited for 10 1-yr El Niño, 5 2-yr El Niño, 4 1-yr La Niña, 8 2-yr La Niña, 4 2-yr La Niña following strong El Niño, and 4 2-yr La Niña following moderate El Niño events during 1954–2015.
Predicting the duration of El Niño and La Niña events with multiyear lead time
Six US maps with color modeling
US precipitation modulated by MJO-ENSO teleconnection interference
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